超声波法优选苦豆子中总黄酮的提取工艺研究

目的:超声波法优选苦豆子中总黄酮的提取工艺。方法:以超声波为提取方法,以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,选取乙醇浓度(体积分数)、加溶剂倍量和超声时间为考察因素,采用均匀实验和正交实验,优选苦豆子中总黄酮的提取工艺。结果:影响总黄酮提取率各因素主次为:ACB,确定最佳提取工艺为A2B3C3,即70%乙醇,加溶剂40倍量,超声提取75 min。结论:采用该工艺提取苦豆子中总黄酮,提取率较高且稳定,说明该工艺合理可行。     

Occurrence of Phytoplasmas Related to Stolbur and to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma japonicum’ in Woody Host Plants in China

During a survey in a limited area of the Shanxi province in China, phytoplasma symptoms were observed on woody plants such as Chinese scholar tree, apple, grapevine and apricot. The polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR/RFLP) analyses on the phytoplasma 16S ribosomal gene confirmed that symptomatic samples from all these species were infected by phytoplasmas. The molecular characterization of the pathogen, performed also with sequencing of polymerase chain reaction amplified 16S rDNA, showed that the phytoplasmas detected in all plant species tested are closely related with stolbur, but two samples from a Chinese scholar tree were infected with phytoplasmas related to ‘Candidatus Phytoplasma japonicum’. The presence of RFLP polymorphism was found in the 16S rDNA amplicons with three of the six enzymes employed in the majority of phytoplasma strains studied.     

根瘤内生细菌

在研究根瘤菌与豆科植物共生关系的过程中,人们发现根瘤中同时定居着许多与根瘤菌不同的内生菌,这些非共生细菌生活在根瘤中,但不引起植物产生明显的病害,为根瘤内生细菌.根瘤内生细菌不仅将植物作为其栖息场所,而且对宿主植物有促生、防病、内生联合固氮等广泛的生物学作用.     

雅鲁藏布江中游河谷风沙化土地砂生槐群落结构特征

基于样方调查和等级聚类分析,研究了雅鲁藏布江中游风沙化土地不同恢复演替阶段砂生槐群落的结构特征.结果表明:雅鲁藏布江中游风沙化土地植物群落可分为砂生槐群落、固沙草群落、砂生槐＜固沙草群落、砂生槐-固沙草群落、藏沙蒿+砂生槐群落和砂生槐+藏沙蒿群落6种类型.自然恢复演替从流动沙丘上分布的砂生槐对流沙的初步固定开始,随后固沙草开始侵入群落,逐渐形成了砂生槐-固沙草群落.另一种演替途径开始于固沙草群落,砂生槐在演替过程中出现在固沙草群落中,最后亦达到砂生槐-固沙草群落阶段.在一些半固定沙地阶段,藏沙蒿开始侵入群落,形成砂生槐+藏沙蒿群落.雅鲁藏布江风沙化土地的顶极群落是以砂生槐为优势种的灌丛群落.随着坡度增加,砂生槐群落盖度和高度有降低的趋势.生物结皮对土壤的理化性质有一定的改善作用,结皮覆盖处土壤水分含量显著高于其他演替阶段的表层土壤水分含量.流动沙地砂生槐灌丛冠幅、株高和萌蘖枝数量最高,其次是固定沙地,半固定沙地最低.各阶段枯死枝数量说明固定沙地阶段以后砂生槐种群有衰退的趋势.     

苦豆子根瘤内生细菌分离及其对棉花枯萎病的生物防治效果测定

对从塔里木盆地苦豆子中分离得到的内生细菌进行皿内涂布拮抗实验、对峙培养法拮抗实验、胞外分泌物拮抗性测定和盆栽控病实验等研究,结果表明塔里木盆地苦豆子根瘤中存在大量的棉花枯萎病菌拮抗性内生细菌。皿内涂布法筛选结果表明60株苦豆子根瘤内生细菌中有48株相对抑菌率超过50%。对峙培养法对48株拮抗性内生细菌进一步筛选的结果表明,对棉花枯萎病菌抑菌距离超过20 mm的菌株有40株。40株拮抗性内生细菌胞外分泌物对棉花枯萎病菌的抑菌距离超过5 mm的有26株。KDRE12和KDRE41对棉花枯萎病的盆栽控病平均防效分别为67.11%和72.65%,具有应用潜力。     

黄土高原丘陵沟壑区狼牙刺群落恢复过程中的种间联结性研究

为了阐明狼牙刺群落恢复过程中种间关系动态特征及其与群落稳定性关系,通过对29个样地调查,采用2×2列联表、方差分析、χ2检验及Jaccard指数分析,对黄土高原丘陵沟壑区经过8a,20a,30a封禁的狼牙刺群落中主要种群间联结性进行了比较研究.结果表明,在封禁8a的的群落中,种群间总体联结性表现出一定程度的正相关,但种间关系不够稳定.封禁20a的群落中,主要种群间总体相关性表现出显著正相关,主要种群间显著负关联种对明显减少,正关联种对增加.封禁30a的群落,种群间负关联进一步减少,主要种群间总体间表现出极显著的正相关,种间关系逐步趋于稳定.随着狼牙刺种群恢复,主要种群间关系日趋复杂,种间关系除过受非生物因素影响,还有物种对环境的改善、物种之间相互适应与竞争等生物因素影响,部分种间关系逐渐演化成共存互利关系.群落中强阳性的植物减少,中生性的植物增加,种群间关系逐步达到相对稳定的阶段.采取封禁措施,减少人为干扰,是狼牙刺群落恢复的有效途径.     

额济纳荒漠地区苦豆子的饲用价值及民族生态学意义

分析测定结果表明,苦豆子的落叶和枯茎含有丰富的可做为饲料利用的营养物质,具有重要的饲用意义.苦豆子在饲用植物研究上尽管被认为是有毒植物,但它是额济纳蒙古族牧民传统利用的饲料资源,在民族生态系统中起着特殊的作用.     

Effect of sophora japonica total flavonoids on pancreas,kidney tissue morphology of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model

To observe effect of sophora japonica total flavonoids on pancreas, kidney tissue morphology of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model. Mice received tail vein injection of streptozotocin (60 mg/kg) for diabetes modeling. The model mice were divided into five groups, to be respectively fed with high, middle and small doses of sophora japonica total flavonoids solution, metformin solution and saline of the same volume. Another blank control group was set to be fed with saline of the same volume. The mice were administered once a day for 30 consecutive days, to be euthanatized after fasting blood glucose level testing on 30th day with pancreas, kidney taken out for pathological section and microscopic examination. The mice chain streptozotocin diabetes modeling was successful, with significant pathological changes (P < 0.01) in pancreas, kidney. Compared with model group, high, middle and small doses of sophora japonica total flavonoids could significantly alleviate streptozotocin-induced pancreas, kidney damage (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Sophora japonica total flavonoids can effectively alleviate pancreas, kidney injury of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice model.     

槐果皮中的脂溶性成分

首次对槐（Sophora japonica)果皮进行了化学成分研究,从其石油醚部分分离得到了7个化合物,它们的结构经波谱和化学方法确定为：（Z）－1,1′－biindenyliden(Ⅰ),lupenone(Ⅰ),β-sitosterol(Ⅲ),p-ethoxybenzoic acid(Ⅳ),hexacosoic acid(Ⅴ),nonadecyl alcohol(Ⅵ)和eicosanol(Ⅶ),其中化合物Ⅰ为新天然产物,其它均为首次从该植物中分离得到。     

苦参凝集素蛋白基因的分离克隆

自苦参（Sophora flavescens Ait.)块根中分离得到一种32kD的凝集素蛋白（SFL）,其对兔血及人的4种血型都具有很强的凝集活性,对棉花枯萎病菌（Fusarium vasinfectum Atk.),小麦赤霉病菌（Gibberella saubinetii(Mont)Sacc.)和水稻稻瘟病菌（Pricularia oryzae Cav.)的生长有明显抑制作用,依此凝集素蛋白N端部分氨基酸序列合成引物,通过5',3'-RACE技术,从苦参块根总RNA中克隆到了编码这一凝集素蛋白的全长cDNA序列（已注册GenBank,AF285121) ,根据全长cDAN序列这一cDNA序列编码一个284个氨基酸的前体蛋白,而分离得到的凝集素蛋白为一个254个氨基酸残基的成熟蛋白,在其第182位点含一个N糖基化位点N－L－S。